tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-73161778493535505512024-03-13T17:54:52.658-07:00Biomechanics of a Netball shot.Kim Seelanderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03515405557424207327noreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7316177849353550551.post-46292671494895829562013-04-29T06:46:00.001-07:002013-04-29T06:46:25.502-07:00Biomechanics of Netball shot. <br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Biomechanics is a study of forces and their effects on
living systems (McGinnis, 1954). The study looks at the body and both the
internal and external forces that act on it. By understanding the concepts of
biomechanics, it can be clear to program out body to move with precision.
Furthermore this study enables us to research the technical error, decrease
injury and comprehend the significance of equipment design.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">This study will be directed towards looking at the
biomechanics of a netball shot at goal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The question:</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>WHAT ARE THE BIOMECHANICS OF A NETBALL SHOT?</strong></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">To understand this question we need to understand what is
involved in producing this skill. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Shooting action</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Balance and stability </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Ball release </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Ball<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Trajectory
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Distance from the goal post </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Backspin</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Magnus effect </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Netball shoot sequence </div>
</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Shooting action</span></u></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Forces: </span></div>
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Forces can define as a push or pull (McGinnis, 1954) or
anything that causes or has potential to cause movement. Forces can be
described as internal (act within the object or system whose motion is being
investigated) or external (act on an object as a result of its interaction with
the environment). For Example muscles and bones are regard as inside the system
therefore, are internal forces, any forces applied outside the body e.g.
gravity, contact with the ground or another person and friction are all
external forces.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The motion we are
curious about is the force directed upon the ball as it travels to the goal
ring. </span><br />
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The tendency for an object to remain in its present state is
called inertia, often referred to as Newtons Law of Inertia. This law states: </span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The acceleration of an
object is proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional
to the mass of the object</i> (Blazevich, 2010). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">This means that if we want to change the motion of an
object, we need to apply a force. </span></div>
</div>
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</div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWO6ZshfJkdXYWS6KVvepXGZmTgyYYA_E3pWcOarsj-3K5zJpaH6CFKZ76sCwkb0KUKIpRVWLjI53wghyphenhyphenropmjFDF8YV1Yki6XpWFxakbiYhOBMNBLsPXnOZkKRI2-Ky_Ev38Ab3umQTU/s1600/net.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWO6ZshfJkdXYWS6KVvepXGZmTgyYYA_E3pWcOarsj-3K5zJpaH6CFKZ76sCwkb0KUKIpRVWLjI53wghyphenhyphenropmjFDF8YV1Yki6XpWFxakbiYhOBMNBLsPXnOZkKRI2-Ky_Ev38Ab3umQTU/s320/net.png" width="235" /></a>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Figure 1.1: Forces of have four properties </span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">All forces have four common properties: </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Magnitude (the amount, and how much applied)</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Direction( the angle at which the force is
applied)</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">A point of application (the specific point at
which the force is applied) </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span></span><br />
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">A line of action (represented by a straight line
through the point of application in the direction that the force is acting). </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><br /><span style="color: black;">(Hede, C., Russell, K., & Weatherby, R. 2011).</span></span></div>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Figure 1.2:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the
sequential summation of force from body parts is essential to maximise force
production. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span>As a goal shooter in netball, we propel the ball through
legs, trunk, shoulders, arms, and wrist. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many shooters bent their knees during the sinking<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>action of the shot. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Flexing or sinking at the knees is required to
ensure adequate force could be created during the extension phase of the
shooting action to propel the ball to the goal ring (Steele, 1993). To gain a
more accurate shot for goal, many shooters tend to flex their forearm at the
elbow. The optimal angle for elbow flexed stated in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Biomechanics factors affecting performance in netball (1993) </i>was 90
to 104 degrees. </span></div>
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
How does this relate? Shooter should extend the shooting
hand only as far as necessary to stabilise the ball in preparation to shoot. Try
to evade unnecessary hyperextension of the hand at the wrist. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Skilled shooters extend the knees and shooting
elbow and flexed hand at wrist in the same motion. This simultaneous motion is
used to attain utmost accuracy rather than maximum velocity (speed) for the
shot (Steele, 1993).<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
Additionally there is no single or optimal target for
skilled shooters to focus on when preparing to shoot. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Where a
shooter focuses upon when preparing to shoot is one of personal preference
(Steele, 1993). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbrwNZGWUlT9Xi3HLPFKnjRmeeO20y4p1vsozwxtumwurKnpvtfrpLLZTEqZkz8ou6l2HO_MnXI1zY4q80weUf94ormD0EovzcL781yFH_-7UljdSGatJkfKpRbVg3EW9dSXoWb3JvvSo/s1600/IMG_1190.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbrwNZGWUlT9Xi3HLPFKnjRmeeO20y4p1vsozwxtumwurKnpvtfrpLLZTEqZkz8ou6l2HO_MnXI1zY4q80weUf94ormD0EovzcL781yFH_-7UljdSGatJkfKpRbVg3EW9dSXoWb3JvvSo/s320/IMG_1190.JPG" width="144" /></a><br />
Figure 1.3: Shows the simultaneous motion of flexion of knees and elbow. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u>Balance and
stability </u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span>All humans and objects have a centre of gravity. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Blazevich (2010) states “the point around which
all the particles of the body are evenly distributed, and therefore the point
at which we could place a single weight vector is the body’s centre of gravity”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Centre of gravity cannot be easy to find the
exact centre of gravity on a human, especially in sport. <br />
<br />
Excessive trunk movement during the shooting action could hinder with stability and body balance. Therefore, there is minimal movement of the truck and arm movement (Steele, 1993). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Having a solid structure for balance and stability will allow for optimal performance to execute an accurate shot at goal. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
Figure 1.4:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A body’s
centre of gravity can shift, depending on the body’s movement and position. </div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u>Ball release <o:p></o:p></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
The ball release is an important concept when performing a
shot for goal. The trunk of the body is straight and an upright head position
is maintained. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Skilled shooters release
the ball with arm extended, but not to the position of being rigid or unbendable.
The release point of the ball is directly above the head. This is evident is accurate
shooters. When a defender is present the angle of release will change if the defenders
hands are close hence an interception or tip may be achieved. A high release of
the ball was recognized as beneficial which saw the ball release from the hands
higher, also shortening the pathway the ball travelling to reach the goal ring (Steele,
1993). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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Release height can be influenced and improved by extension
at the knees and at the elbow of the shooting arm (Steele, 1993). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: center;">
<img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYOCFPKY_pZyuiW7L5RXXhC2OE1Qtt7iVzjoyubKwH8Y3yLUnRLY7nc88wpSOlu86-Sut_2XkAopg61qo2ecFbdf1JNwYC6wow8sJ3o0er-Vo2Cb55IwcxaLWscPo6SDw6zRPXJy2KyUs/s320/netbll+3.png" width="209" /><span style="color: black;">
</span></div>
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<br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;">
Figure 1.5: A projectile flight is affected but its angle of release, height and
speed of release. </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The optimal angle of release for a shot at goal is
approximately 60 degrees. </span></div>
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</div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span> </div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><u>Ball Trajectory</u> <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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</div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Projectile motion refers to the motion of an object (Blazevich,
2010). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This could be a shot, ball or
human body projected at an angle into the air. Such factors that affect projectile
are gravity and air resistance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Trajectory
of a ball is influenced by projection speed, the projection angle and the
height. Steele (1993) implies the average angle of entry of a ball through the
goal ring is 43.1 degrees. This angle of the shot was proven to be optimal due for
the tolerance for error. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When a shooter
is close to the goal post the projectile motion is 90 degrees vertical and zero
degrees horizontal. The speed of the projection object will be determined by
height it reaches before gravity accelerates in back down to earth (Blazevich,
2010).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><u>Back Spin</u></strong> </span></div>
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</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTmubcp3LKhK_l1Qw5kSp3679BlB3u7zkg4FHmpbdEVSX2iSCnC9MGVzemFRu9iHOxiBDq_5nq1IEeaQSzO83R6PNM9kvXB_PCYqXYMEZgpRtc7QxhOm6tIoerKw_wZdo2y_z6FAPmW7Q/s1600/untitled.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTmubcp3LKhK_l1Qw5kSp3679BlB3u7zkg4FHmpbdEVSX2iSCnC9MGVzemFRu9iHOxiBDq_5nq1IEeaQSzO83R6PNM9kvXB_PCYqXYMEZgpRtc7QxhOm6tIoerKw_wZdo2y_z6FAPmW7Q/s1600/untitled.png" /></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;">A study conducted by Elliott and Smith (1983) found all
elite players used backspin of 1 to 1.5 revolutions from the release to entry
of goal (Steele, 1983). Backspin is found to improve accuracy by supporting to
maintain flight direction and decrease ball speed on impact with the goal ring.
Therefore offers a better chance for the ball to rebound off the ring and
through for a scored goal. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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</div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span><br /></div>
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
Most elite shooters are quite tall in structure and less
mesomorphic (muscular). These athletes have stronger knees and elbows
as these muscles are consistently being used. Catherine Cox (pictured) is known
as one of the most recognisable netballers in the country. She has represented
Australia in both Commonwealth Games and National Test Caps. As a goalie Cath
is aware of the principals involved in a netball shot in order to produce an
accurate shot at goal. </div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u>Distance from the
post <o:p></o:p></u></b></div>
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</span></div>
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Distance is also another factor
that will impact on a netball shoot. The results showed as the distance
increased from the goal post accuracy decreased on the netball shot (Elliott
and Smith (1983). The optimum distance for goal scoring was between 3 and 5
feet (0.9m to 1.5m) from the post.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When
the shooting range (or distance) has increased, shooters will require a change
in the mechanics of the shooting action.</div>
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</span></div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For example shooting 4-5 metres out from the
goal post will require:</div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>an increase in force produce on the object
(netball)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Projectile angle increased, height will be
increased.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Increased speed of motion on the ball</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Deeper flexion of knees and elbows to produce a
greater<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>force<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><o:p></o:p></u></b></div>
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</span></div>
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All the above factors will
influence the accuracy of the netball shot. </div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The Magnus effect <o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Blazevich (2010) describes the
Magnus effect as changing the trajectory of an object towards the direction of
spin, therefore resulting in a Magnus force (lift force acting on a spinning
object). It is explained that a spinning ball ‘grabs’ the air that flows past
it because of the friction between the air and the ball, so these air particles
start to spin with the ball (Blazevich, 2010). </span></div>
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</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7aCApZ5EWbtbGzDLfy9BjEBlaUUqphzj0YTZgb7iNhvOt7L087rQo6ie04RtKX5SH_ge6r3ajxCqVkGg7EdKGSIzmljXro8ghQLxgmFXxn2pkXEJ-Ks_zSw11JlrcJXjz41vVO5L-n4A/s1600/netball+4.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7aCApZ5EWbtbGzDLfy9BjEBlaUUqphzj0YTZgb7iNhvOt7L087rQo6ie04RtKX5SH_ge6r3ajxCqVkGg7EdKGSIzmljXro8ghQLxgmFXxn2pkXEJ-Ks_zSw11JlrcJXjz41vVO5L-n4A/s320/netball+4.png" width="281" /></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Figure 1.6: The collision between
the oncoming air and the ball or air spinning with it causes air on one side of
the ball to slow down (decreased velocity). On the other side the air moves
past unobstructed, therefore one side the air is less and than the other side
(Blazevich, 2010). In netball and basketball places backspin of the ball will
allow it of a chance of bouncing on the ring and dropping through the net. This
is due to the spinning ball bounces in the direction of the spin on the ball
and putting backspin on the ball, the ball will bounce backwards and into the
goal ring. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Figure 1.6: (<span style="color: black; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Knusdon, 2007). </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><strong><u>Netball shot in sequence:</u></strong> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></span>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In the first 4 frames we can see:
</span></div>
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<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Centre of gravity is centre to mass (person is
balanced and stable)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Flexion of the elbow as ball it placed behind
head</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Flexion of the knees to produce a force on the
ball</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Simultaneous
flexion of both knees and elbow in same motion</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIkPQ9ru4jFKJPww1pTQJlyQYne76n95qaxrPIAnUHPZNpptSa9biCgamy_yfrp95RdskD9FF3GtRb5_5KjPioGGk6bC6jnEQevTAbgDxeR9IBlqvnKwZz4SkOyWvLlWggNzjHyyLIwuM/s1600/netball+5.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="116" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIkPQ9ru4jFKJPww1pTQJlyQYne76n95qaxrPIAnUHPZNpptSa9biCgamy_yfrp95RdskD9FF3GtRb5_5KjPioGGk6bC6jnEQevTAbgDxeR9IBlqvnKwZz4SkOyWvLlWggNzjHyyLIwuM/s320/netball+5.png" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIkPQ9ru4jFKJPww1pTQJlyQYne76n95qaxrPIAnUHPZNpptSa9biCgamy_yfrp95RdskD9FF3GtRb5_5KjPioGGk6bC6jnEQevTAbgDxeR9IBlqvnKwZz4SkOyWvLlWggNzjHyyLIwuM/s1600/netball+5.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; height: 13px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; width: 310px;"></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIkPQ9ru4jFKJPww1pTQJlyQYne76n95qaxrPIAnUHPZNpptSa9biCgamy_yfrp95RdskD9FF3GtRb5_5KjPioGGk6bC6jnEQevTAbgDxeR9IBlqvnKwZz4SkOyWvLlWggNzjHyyLIwuM/s1600/netball+5.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In the last 2 frames we can see:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The angle of release</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Extension of the knees and elbows to produce
force on the ball</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Right arm is fully extended </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: left;">
</div>
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</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Backspin is placed on the ball by flicking of
the hand and fingers </span></div>
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<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The flight of the ball is vertical and then
drops down due to gravity</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNT15QVXrcjTn3n_tIeUBr9yOetBnmaTZzkx8fCfJfZJfr-qfpqF356eZLLaIWLEEbV0e2dn6SAF5CnzJltxpZcWGTKbkFJFfJEoGEc-TwEeiy4l_koloouxhuv2RDO90Pq8v3fOIg5IY/s1600/ntball+6.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNT15QVXrcjTn3n_tIeUBr9yOetBnmaTZzkx8fCfJfZJfr-qfpqF356eZLLaIWLEEbV0e2dn6SAF5CnzJltxpZcWGTKbkFJFfJEoGEc-TwEeiy4l_koloouxhuv2RDO90Pq8v3fOIg5IY/s320/ntball+6.png" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Through the analyses of biomechanics any sport
can be examined. Information of such principles will allow coaches and teachers
to instruct players and students to execute the skill to their optimum (Steele,
1993). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is ideal for junior players to
be taught the theoretical background of a skill, as this will allow for they to
achieve optimal technical performance during a game (Steele, 1983). </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
above information will allow students and players to understand the
biomechanics of a netball shot. </span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">This data
can be used in physical education lesson or as a coaching tool. There will be
other sports where </span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">this information will be helpful, e.g. basketball. An understanding
of biomechanics will enable students to </span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">think critical about sports and also
improve their performance. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
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Reference list: </div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Blazevich,
A. (2010). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sports biomechanics the basics</i>:
Optimising human performance. Bloomsbury: Black Publishing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Knusdon, D. ( 2007). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fundamentals of biomechanics</i>: Department
of Kinesiology<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">. </i>California Springer
Publishing. 2, 4-334.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>McGinnis, P. M. (1954). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Biomechanics of sport and exercise </i>(2<sup>nd</sup> ed.) Champaign,
IL: Human Kinetics. </div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Steele,
J. ( 1993). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Biomechanical factors
affecting performance in netball</i>. Department of Biomedical Science<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">.</i> 3, 1-18.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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